Difference between revisions of "Table: The Comparative Anatomy of Eating"
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| colspan="3" |Source: Mills, M.D., Milton. “The Comparative Anatomy of Eating | Digestion | Gastrointestinal Tract.” Scribd. Accessed February 15, 2019. https://www.scribd.com/doc/94656/The-Comparative-Anatomy-of-Eating. | | colspan="3" |Source: Mills, M.D., Milton. “The Comparative Anatomy of Eating | Digestion | Gastrointestinal Tract.” Scribd. Accessed February 15, 2019. https://www.scribd.com/doc/94656/The-Comparative-Anatomy-of-Eating. | ||
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Latest revision as of 08:06, 6 June 2019
Trait | Human | Herbivore | Omnivore | Carnivore |
Intestines: Small | 10–11 times body length | 10–12+ times body length | 4–6 times body length | 3–6 times body length |
Intestines: Colon |
Long, sacculated | Long, complex; may be sacculate | Simple, short, and smooth | Simple, short, and smooth |
Teeth: Incisors | Broad, flat, and spade shaped | Broad, flat, and spade shaped | Short and pointed | Short and pointed |
Teeth: Canines | Short and blunted | Dull and short or long (for defense) or none | Long, sharp, and curved | Long, sharp, and curved |
Teeth: Molars | Flat with nodular cusps | Flat with cusps vs. complex surface | Sharp blades or flattened | Sharp, jagged, and blade shaped |
Saliva | Carbohydrate-digesting enzymes | Carbohydrate-digesting enzymes | No digestive enzymes | No digestive enzymes |
Stomach: Type | Simple | Simple or with multiple chambers | Simple | Simple |
Stomach: Acidity with Food | pH 4–5 | pH 4–5 | ≤ pH 1 | ≤ pH 1 |
Stomach: Capacity | 21% to 27% of total volume of digestive tract | < 30% of total volume of digestive tract | 60% to 70% of total volume of digestive tract | 60% to 70% of total volume of digestive tract |
Chewing | Extensive chewing necessary | Extensive chewing necessary | Swallows food whole or simple crushing | None; swallows food whole |
Nails | Flat nails | Flat nails or blunt hooves | Sharp claws | Sharp claws |
Jaw: Type | Expanded angle | Expanded angle | Angle not expanded | Angle not expanded |
Jaw: Joint Location | Above the plane of the molars | Above the plane of the molars | On the same plane as molar teeth | On the same plane as molar teeth |
Jaw: Motion | No shearing; good side-to-side, front-to-back motion | No shearing; good side-to-side, front-to-back motion | Shearing; minimal side-to-side motion | Shearing; minimal side-to-side motion |
Major Muscles | Masseter and pterygoids | Masseter and pterygoids | Temporalis | Temporalis |
Mouth Opening vs. Head Size | Small | Small | Large | Large |
Facial Muscles | Well developed | Well developed | Reduced | Reduced to allow wide mouth gape |
Liver | Cannot detoxify vitamin A | Cannot detoxify vitamin A | Can detoxify vitamin A | Can detoxify vitamin A |
Kidney | Moderately concentrated urine | Moderately concentrated urine | Extremely concentrated urine | Extremely concentrated urine |
Source: Mills, M.D., Milton. “The Comparative Anatomy of Eating | Digestion | Gastrointestinal Tract.” Scribd. Accessed February 15, 2019. https://www.scribd.com/doc/94656/The-Comparative-Anatomy-of-Eating. |